Endurance

The term endurance refers to capacity for sustained physical exertion. Numerous studies have investigated possible relationships between elite athletic performance and SNPs in various genes. Note: Most of these studies do not meet SNPedia's criteria for inclusion, because too few people are studied, and, the results reported have not been independently replicated.

Beta adrenergic receptor genes (the target of beta blocker drugs):

• ADRB1
  • rs1801253 association not confirmed in [PMID 19553224]

• ADRB2
  • rs1042713 [PMID 20044476] but not confirmed in [PMID 19553224]
  • rs1042714

• ADRB3
  • rs4994 heterozygosity associated with athletic performance [PMID 19553224]

Muscle protein genes:

• ACTN3 (See also this discussion)
  • rs1815739 [PMID 12879365] [PMID 18043716] [PMID 16612741]

Hormone receptor genes [PMID 19653005] [PMID 20044476]:

• PPARA
  • rs4253778 association not confirmed in [PMID 19653005]
• PPARD
• PPARGC1A
• PPARGC1B
• PPP3R1

Genes involved in the immune system:

• IL15RA studied in mice
• NFATC4 [PMID 19653005]
• VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor)
  • rs2010963 [PMID 19653005]

Genes involved in mitochondrial function [PMID 19653005]:

• TFAM
• UCP2
• UCP3
  • rs1800849 association not confirmed in [PMID 19653005]

Other genes involved in metabolism:

• AMPD1
• APOE
• BDKRB2
  • rs1799722 TT genotype associated with male runners [PMID 20044476]
• GABBP1
  • rs7181866 [PMID 19478192]
• NRF2 [PMID 20028934]
  • rs12594956 AA genotype associated with endurance
  • rs8031031 CT genotype associated with endurance